My new @myspace.com email address

Hey, I have a new email address: hypnocoach@myspace.com Drop me a line! -Kevin

Strong Interest Inventory and Holland

Strongcounselors.blogspot.com

Can I Use Coaching Techniques And Still Be An Effective Professional Career Counselor?

Different settings require different skills and techniques when providing solutions to career problems and issues. Coaching techniques can be more effective than counseling techniques in certain settings. Successful career practitioners can (and should) employ both coaching and counseling techniques when helping clients solve career problems. There are more similarities than differences between career counseling and career coaching.

Time Management

http://www.pmcgovern.us/TimeManagement

Re: Final and Final Review

The final must be completed in its entirety.

You must also analyze five exam questions and explain why the right answer is right and why the other answers are wrong.

Sometimes every answer has a bit of truth to it. When taking a multiple choice test eliminate obvious wrong answers, then prioritize the remaining answers to find the best alternative.


For example,

Jamie wants to take her junior year of college to find herself. Jamie is in which one of Marcia's stages?

a.

moratorium c. foreclosure

b.

achievement d. diffusion

Diffusion is defined as having few clear ideas of what one wants and not being concerned about the future. We cannot guess from the question stem that Jenny is in Diffusion and Diffusion usually prevents a person from taking the actions necessary to get to college and go two years.

Foreclosure is defined as making a choice, often based on family tradition, without exploring other options. We cannot guess from the question stem that Jenny is in Foreclosure, because it does not say anything about her family's input.

Achievement is defined as knowing what one wants and making plans to attain an occupational goal. It is unlikely that Jenny wants to make a career of finding herself.

Moratorium is defined as a time, often more than several months, in which one explores options while wanting a direction, but not having one.

Because Jenny is a junior in college who wants to take a specific amount of time from school to find her self, the best answer is Moratorium.

Vocational Card Sort

Check out this SlideShare Presentation:

Vocational Card Sort

View more presentations from Rob Straby.

MBTI and Strong

Hello Students,

Our graduate director has stated that it will not be possible for those of you wanting to use these tests with your client to do so.

Please use the Keirsey Temperament Sorter 2 (http://www.keirsey.com/) if you would like to incorporate a personality test into your assignment.

You can use O*NET for a skills assessment (http://online.onetcenter.org/skills/)

You can test interests with this one (http://cte.ed.gov/acrn/cdmt/activities/CodingInterests.pdf) OR use the attached assessment from Kuder.

Of course, you can just do the three assessments on missouri connections to satisfy the requirements of the assignment.

Fwd: Need your help in building better communications, expanding our membership, and recruiting you to become active in CSJ

Students,

This is one of the divisions of the ACA that I belong to. I know several of you have expressed an interest in this organization.

Enjoy.

Aloha Everyone:

I am writing to you as the Chair of the CSJ Membership Committee and President-elect of CSJ. There are three points presented below that I am asking you to help me with.

First, the Membership Committee want so help build better communication systems with our members. To do this we want to invite ALL the members on our membership lists to be added to the CSJ Listserve. This list serve provides our membership with information and discussions related to a broad range of social justice and professional issues. If you are not yet included on the CSJ list serve and would like to be included in this important communication system, please reply to this email by hitting the "reply to all" icon so Dr. Edil Torres Rivera will receive your email expressing your desire to be included in the list serve. Dr. Torres Rivera has coordinated the list serve for several years. We are grateful for his willingness to continue to do so. We hope to have 99% of our members on the list serve to foster better communication with our membership. If you are already on the CSJ list serve, you do NOT have to respond to this request.

Second, in an effort to expand our membership in CSJ, the Membership Committee is launching a membership drive. You can help us with this important project by personally recruiting at least one (1) person who will sign up as a new CSJ member in the next 30 days. I am providing the link to the ACA membership services below that can be used to have new members sign up. Also, we hope to change the current policy that requires all CSJ members to have to also become a member of ACA in our business meeting at the ACA conference later this month in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The link to ACA's membership services is as follows:

https://www.counseling.org/Counselors/MemberJoin.aspx

Third, as the President-elect of CSJ, I want to recruit you into becoming more active members in our association. The success of our association is dependent on your willingness to volunteer to committees and tasks forces that are in need of your help as well as suggesting the ways that you are most interested in becoming active in CSJ.

Please email me and let me know if you are interested in becoming more active in CSJ in the coming year and what area of interest you would be willing to participate in.

Thank you for your continued support of CSJ. I look forward to hearing from you when time allows.

In peace and with appreciation,

Michael D'Andrea
CSJ President-elect
and
Membership Committee Chair

THEORIES IN COMBINATION

COMBINING THEORIES

Trait and factor theory
General trait and factor theory
Work adjustment theory
Holland’s theory of types
Myers-Briggs type theory

Life-span theory
Super
Ginzberg
Gottfredson
Erikson
Atkinson, et al.
Hopson and Adams’ theory of transition

Career decision-making theory
Krumboltz’s social learning theory
Spiritual approach to career counseling
Cognitive information processing perspective

Does NOT fit into one of the three categories
Constructivist approaches
Relational theories
Social cognitive career theory
Sociological and economic theories of career development

Combining Life-Span Theory with Trait and Factor and Career Decision-Making Theories
Super and trait and factor theory

Childhood
Ginzberg – emphasize development of interests, capacities, and values
Super – development of curiosity, exploration, and information leading to development of interests, accurate time perspective, and a self concept
Gottfredson – orientation to size and power, gender roles, social class variables, and self awareness
Trait and factor theory and career decision making theories usually not appropriate in childhood

Early Adolescence
Convergence of life-span theory and other theories becomes murky
Super – career maturity, career planning, career exploration, decision making, world-of-work information, and knowledge of preferred occupation
Erikson, Marica, Vondracek – vocational readiness
Trait and factor theory and career decision making are useful

Late Adolescence and Adulthood
Trait and factor theories – Holland
Work adjustment can be used, but rarely is
Cognitive information processing and Krumboltz can be used

Adult Career Development
Can use most theories except early childhood

Combining Trait and Factor Theories
Can use different trait and factor theories at once

Combining Career Decision-Making Theories
Career decision making theories tend to describe the same process, so would NOT use more than one at a time

The Counselor’s Choice – It’s personal, there is no one way that is better than another


NONCOUNSELING APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES

Screening Methods
Tests or inventories that screen for clients who will benefit from counseling most
Examples: Career Development Inventory; Holland’s Self Directed Search

Paper-and-Pencil Methods
Holland’s Self-Directed Search used with The Occupations Finder and You and Your Career

Computerized Guidance Systems
Adjunct to counseling, interactive
DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS (values emphasized) - follow trait and factor method

Internet
Great variety of career information
Assessment inventories (Appendix B)
Career information (Appendix C)
_ Career counseling organizations
_ Education and internships
_ Job postings
_ Occupations
Ethical issues - Confidentiality and following professional standards


SPECIAL COUNSELING ISSUES

Group Career Counseling
Concepts and materials provided can usually be applied to most group settings
Primary use is to impart information, also to help with exploration and self-efficacy
Not found in individual counseling - motivation from peers, being able to help or be helped by those in similar positions as yourself
Groups can be designed for specific populations
trait and factor theory - select test and inventories - all trait and factor theories can be used
Developmental theory - group by age range - Issues related to Super’s stages
Career decision making - Krumboltz developed the DECIDES group approach.
Cognitive information processing has been applied to career classes

Career Counseling as a Related Issue
When career counseling is NOT the primary concern
Can use Myers-Briggs, work adjustment theory, Super, and Gottfredson for children

Changing Work Settings
The age and ability levels of the clients may determine the type of theory that the counselor chooses
In general, counselors may be less likely to change their theory of counseling when they move from one work setting to another, than to modify the career development theory that they use

Placement Counseling
Many authors have written job search books to help people find a job. Azrin has used a behavioral approach in the development of the “job club”
Holland - different types use different approaches
Myers-Briggs - approach depends on MBTI stage
Super - role salience and stage
Career decision making theory - reinforce job search rather than getting a job


USE OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS IN THEORIES

Trait and factor theory rely heavily on tests
Less for life-span theory, even less for spirituality theory


OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Associated with trait and factor theory
Examples - Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes, DOT, Guide for Occupational Exploration, Occupational Information Network (O*NET)


HOW THEORIES APPLY TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF WOMEN

Life-span theory addresses issues for women at different developmental stages
Various trait and factor theories address specific issues related to gender
Gottfredson describes gender issues in the career development of children
Sexual harassment is addressed by crisis and other theories


HOW THEORIES APPLY TO CULTURAL DIVERSITY ISSUES IN COUNSELING

Life span theory has studied groups at different developmental stages
Vondracek discusses cultural context of situations
Social cognitive theory focuses on concerns about self-efficacy
Minority development model of Atkinson, Morten, and Sue


COUNSELOR ISSUES

Trait and Factor Theories
Awareness of differences in abilities, interests, values, and personality of client and counselor

Life-Span Theories
Attention to different roles and stages of the client and the counselor

Career Decision-Making Theories
Krumboltz - counseling skills should match needs of client
Spiritual approach - client and counselor’s subjective experience may differ greatly
Cognitive information processing theory - structure of counseling should not interfere with discussion of atypical issues.

Sociological and Economic Approaches
Focuses on inequalities that exist for women and culturally diverse populationsSociological and economic research provides a means for the counselor to assess her own biases

THE LABOR MARKET: SOCIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES

Models or theories have been developed that point out inequities or obstacles in the labor market that may affect the earnings or success of different individuals.

THE UNITED STATES LABOR MARKET

Labor market – serves to fulfill the needs of citizens of a state, a nation, and/or the world.
Job availability is related to the demand of individuals for food, shelter, clothing, etc.
Professional specialties are the group most likely to increase in demand for jobs.
Growth – the need for new workers to meet demands of an occupation beyond the needs that are met by replacing existing workers
Workers leave occupations for a variety of reasons.
Service occupations are projected to have the largest number of openings
A large number of jobs in US do not require a college education.
The amount of education is closely related to income¼, economic value of education.

SOCIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACHES

Emphasizes the study of social organizations (psychology (focuses on individuals, not organizations)
Sociology – study the development, organization, and operation of human society. Examine family, cultural, and other social factors that predict career choice as well as variables such as unemployment and pay distributions by industry. Studies the patterns of customs, interactions, and professional development of hundreds or illegal and legal occupations. Ability, interests, and values, and career decision making are studied to predict labor market or work behavior (also for economists)
Economics – study the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Investigate factors such as unemployment, pay distribution by industry, job title, gender, and race (which are related to a person’s career development)

YOUTH EMPLOYMENT

Not a homogenous group, ages 15-24 often used
Girls only make 70-75% of what boys make, less disparity in 12th grade
Differences in motivation for work
Quality of employment is low
Part time work has positive and negative effects on future employment
Students may develop a sense of autonomy
Youth more likely to be underemployed than older workers

THE EFFECT OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT ON THE INDIVIDUAL

Having an unchallenging job may lead to a loss of intellectual skills
Substantive complexity – the degree to which the work requires thought and independent judgment
Substantive complexity increases intellectual functioning of employees



STATUS ATTAINMENT THEORY

The role of achievement and social status influences occupational selection
Focused on intergenerational change (vertical mobility) and predicting an individual’s occupation from the father’s job.
Found that they could predict the socioeconomic status level of one’s first job from father’s occupation and education
Family status includes father’s job, socioeconomic status, income, education.
Mother’s job is a factor of increasing importance
Culture affects status attainment

HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY

Individuals invest in their own education and training so that they will receive increased life-time earnings
Career earnings – function of ability, education and training, combined with the effort to produce effectively
Education and appropriate job experience lead to desired income
Individual is seen as a firm or company
Endorsement of trait and factor theory – emphasizes role of interests and abilities in selecting an occupation
Criticism – not just about money

THE STRUCTURE OF THE LABOR MARKET

Disadvantaged and underprivileged groups tend to enter different types of jobs from those who are more privileged
Classifies both firms and labor markets into two basic groups: primary (core) and secondary (peripheral) - basic view
A way of seeing a variety of discontinuous segments in the labor market
Hard to move from lowest sector to a higher sector

WOMEN AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE

Discrimination leads to lower pay, less advancement, and occupational segregation¼leads to working in jobs less prestigious than men
Four determinants of discrimination:
Taste discrimination – preference not to employ members of a certain group
Monopoly model of discrimination – when an organized group agrees to exclude another group from positions
Error discrimination – employers who do not have discriminatory taste but may underestimate the ability of women to perform the same task as men
Statistical discrimination – when an employer applies generalizations about a group of people to an individual
Women have similar unemployment rates as men but move in and out of the labor force more frequently than men.
Women are in jobs that tend to pay less and have less prestige than men’s jobs.
Gender segretation refers to the difference in distribution of men and women in various occupations; this is illustrated by Table 15.3, p. 397
Men are now entering more jobs in the service sector that have been previously held by women

CULTURALLY DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE

Unemployment rate for African Americans and Latinos in 2003 was much greater than rates for Caucasians and Asians
Relatively few Hispanics and African Americans in high-skill jobs
African American men have higher unemployment rates because of fewer opportunities for less-educated workers.
When African Americans and Caucasian men have similar résumés, African American men at all educational levels experience discrimination
Some firms inconsistent in applying affirmative action rules
Evidence that African American men tend to work at the lowest sector of the labor market
Ogbu differentiates between involuntary and voluntary minorities who differ in attitude towards workOgbu finds that African Americans perceive a job ceiling